直述句和轉述句

直述句和轉述句經常讓英語學習者感到困惑。我們先來定義這兩者,再從例句觀察如何敘述某人說過的話,最後再學如何改寫直述句和轉述句。

對於「他說了什麼?」的問句,您可以用兩種方式來回答:

  • 重複說過的話(直述句)
  • 轉述說過的話(間接敘述或轉述句)

直述句

直述句是重複或引用他人說過的每個字。當我們在寫作中使用直述句時,會在引用的字句前後標上雙引號,並完整引用他人說過的話。我們會轉述某人在「此刻」講的話(例如在講電話時),或在稍後把先前的對話轉告他人。

舉例
  • She says, "What time will you be home?"
  • She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know! "
  • "There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
  • John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."

轉述句

轉述句通常用來談過去的事,因此我們通常會改變句子的時態。我們會用 say、tell、ask 等轉述詞,並用 that 來引導要轉述的話,不加引號。

She said, "I saw him." (直述句) = She said that she had seen him. (轉述句)

「that」可以省略:
She told him that she was happy. = She told him she was happy.

「say」和「tell」

當句中沒有受詞時,用「say」:
He said that he was tired.

當談到誰跟誰講了話,一律用「tell」(即間接受詞):
He told me that he was tired.

「talk」和「speak」

用這些動詞來描述交談的動作:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.

在這些動詞後面加「about」來指談論的事:
He talked (to us) about his parents.